- Large-scale refrigerated warehouse projects involve thermal insulation, refrigeration, electricity, firefighting, building and business processes, and the selection of contractors is more stringent than the general cold room.
- Common modes of hosting are copper design and construction of aluminium, cooking consultant design plus tenders, and sub-package bags, with advantages and disadvantages.
- A clear technical specifications for tendering are the basis for a fair comparison of warehouse engineering companies.
- The evaluation of the bids should be accompanied by technical programmes, relevant experience, project management, testing of tests, maintenance commitments and compliance insurance.
- Full documentation and training should be obtained at the time of delivery and will operate after a maintenance service level agreement (SLA).
Foreword: Why are large refrigerated warehouses specially contracted?
Large-scale refrigerated warehouses and refrigerated warehouses often store large amounts of unfrozen meat, seafood, emergency food or medicine, impacting not only engineering alone, but also daily logistics operations and large quantities of goods once they are poorly designed or constructed. Compared with the restaurant walk-in cold room, refrigerated warehouse projects have a much higher scope, system complexity and terminal risks, as well as a more systematic approach to the selection of refrigerated warehouse companies.
This paper does not refer to any particular company but provides a set of hostel selection and project management frameworks applicable to large refrigerated warehouse projects. Comparers ' comparisons in general cold room can be consulted.Detailed comparison between refrigeration Engineering, Hong Kong; refrigerated warehouse cost structure, for referencerefrigerated warehouse project value comparison guide for Hong Kong。
Comparison of three modes of engagement
| Comparison | Design and construction (Design " Build) | Consultant design plus tender | Sub-contracts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Practice | The same contractor is responsible for design and construction | Independent consultants first complete design and specifications, and bid for comparative contractors | Business owners hired thermal insulation, refrigeration, electricity, etc. |
| Responsibility | Single responsibility, clarity of interface | Design responsibilities are consultants and construction responsibilities are at the contractor | Multi-dimensional sharing, with the largest interface |
| Prior period | Shorter | Longer | Uncoordinated |
| Benchmarks | Different programmes, more difficult | Harmonization of specifications, clearer | Per cent of prices |
| Ownership management | Less | Medium, assisted by consultants | Most need to address coordination among the parties |
| Eligible | Needs are clear and wants to simplify management | Large or complex projects requiring strict margins | The owner has engineering team coordination |
refrigerated warehouse engineering company ' s capability
thermal insulation and treasury
Large areainsulated panels, multi-temperature spacing, floorthermal insulation protection, fast door and unloading areas.
Refrigeration system
Heat load calculations, multirefrigeration unit parallels and reserves assistance, refrigerant selection, metering and control.
Electricity and control
Electrical power distribution, temperature control and alarms, multi-point temperature monitoring.
Project management
Workplan, coordination of sentencing, security management, communication with consultants and owners.
Testing and delivery
System-testing, temperature testing, temperature distribution test, documentation and training.
Post-sale support
Periodic maintenance, malfunction repairs, spare parts supply and maintenance reports.
List of technical specifications for tendering
The more specification is clear, the more fair the bids of each refrigerated warehouse engineering company. The proposals for the solicitation documents include:
| Category | Elements to be specified |
|---|---|
| Wind areas | Meaning of target temperatures and allowable fluctuations in sectors, size of areas and height |
| Storage capacity | Fixed size, number of plates, type and level |
| Access | Daily intake volume, temperature of access to treasury goods, peak hours, forklift type |
| cold room door | Quantity, size, type (speed gates, pushors), loading and unloading area requirements |
| floor | Forklift and cargo load, thermal insulation and unfrozen requirements |
| thermal insulation | insulated panels, minimum thickness, surface material, fire protection requirements |
| Refrigeration | Design outdoor temperature, support requirements (e.g. temperatures to be maintained at the time of a set of malfunctions), refrigerant preferences |
| Electricity | Existing electricity supply conditions, need to apply for additional electricity |
| Monitoring | Monitoring points, records spacing, data retention periods, warning methods |
| Receipt and inspection | Requirements for temperature testing and temperature distribution tests |
| Maintenance | Maintenance period, periodic maintenance frequencies, failure response requirements |
| Period of work | Date of completion, phase-out and time limit for construction |
The technical elements of refrigerated warehouse are available on the service pagerefrigerated warehouse and refrigerated warehouse engineeringandFull guidance for refrigerated warehouse engineering in Hong Kong。
Seven steps of the selection process
- Identifying needs:Coupled volumes, temperate zone, access process and budget.
- Selection of the hosting model:Design and construction, consultancy design plus tenders or sub-packs.
- Pre-trial contractor:Screening of the List on the basis of relevant experience, size and qualifications.
- Issuance of tender documents:Attach technical specifications, drawings and contractual provisions.
- On-site inspections and answer questions:Organization of the perimeter contractor ' s inspection site and a consolidated response to questions.
- Review of bids:Completed projects were interviewed or examined at the rate of evaluation.
- Proposals and contracts:Confirmation of specifications, duration of work, payment, acceptance and maintenance provisions.
Table of evaluation of tenders
The following weights are used only for reference purposes and may be adjusted according to the project focus:
| Evaluating projects | Reference weight | Evaluation focus |
|---|---|---|
| Technical programmes | 25% | Conformity with specifications, refrigeration calculations, design of backup assistance, thermal insulation and floor practices |
| Price | 20% | Whether the total price and sub-price prices were reasonable or not leaked |
| Relevant experience | 15% | refrigerated warehouse project of the same type and size |
| Project management | 15% | Handling arrangements, feasibility of working periods, security management |
| Testing and delivery | 10% | Pilot schemes, acceptance methods, documentation and training |
| Maintenance and support | 10% | Maintenance period, SLA, spare parts supply |
| Compliance and insurance | 5% | Qualifications, insurance arrangements |
What does it appear to have been done during the examination of completed projects?
- Frequent walls, flowers and door boxes are closed or closed
- Is it open, fissionable
- Issuance of fast gate operations
- Availability and convenience of air or outer space areas
- Stability of temperature records
- Information on post-sale support to project users
The methodology for determining thermal insulation quality can be consulted.Cold roominsulation work for 10 hidden issues。
Assessment of project management capacity
- Project Manager:Is there a designated project manager and head of the site?
- Plan of work:Can a detailed timetable be provided, including the period of supply of equipment?
- Disposition management:What kind of work will be judged? How can quality be monitored?
- Security management:Safety measures at the site, high-space work and craft arrangements
- Change management:How can changes during the work be submitted and approved?
- Progress report:How long has it been reported? Is reporting in any form?
Compliance, eligibility and insurance
| Scope | Elements |
|---|---|
| Electricity engineering | In accordance with the Electricity Regulations, electrical work for fixed-power installations is generally performed by a registered electric engineering staff employed by Registered Electrical Contractor. |
| Building changes | Changes related to structures, channels or external wall bands are subject to the relevant system of Buildings Department |
| Fire | Firefighting Service requirements are met by building use |
| freezer room licence | Keeping a designated food for commercial purposes is subject to the EDSA ' s non-zer room licence requirements, such as automatic temperature recording devices |
| Work injury insurance | In accordance with the Employees ' Compensation Ordinance, the employer is required to insured employees for work injury compensation insurance |
| Engineering insurance | Large works often require the contractor to purchase all engineering risks and third-party liability insurance, with specific requirements to be specified in the contract |
Testing, testing and acceptance
- System test:refrigerant road pressure tests, vacuum and refrigerant
- Single pilot:Group refrigeration unit to test operational power flow, pressure and temperature
- Rain temperature tests:Reduction to target temperatures and stability in temperate areas
- Readiness test:Model group refrigeration unit parking, confirming the maintenance of required temperature for the remaining refrigeration unit
- Testing of temperature distribution:Measurement of mean temperatures at high low position and gate levels; This is often requested by industry clients such as pharmaceutical warehousing
- Cyanide test:Plutonium plumbing, no residue ice
- cold room door tests:Rapid gates, tractors and seals
- Warning tests:Simulation hyperching, confirmation of alerts to the designated person
Delivery of documents and training
- Copper charts: treasury layout, routing and electricity
- List of equipment: refrigeration unit brand, type, serial number, refrigerant and recharge
- Testing and trial reporting
- Manual of operation and maintenance
- Maintenance provisions and contact methodology
- User training: Wind-controlled operation, alarm handling, routine inspection and emergency response
Maintenance service level agreement (SLA)
The maintenance contract for large refrigerated warehouses should clearly specify the following:
| Item | Elements to be specified |
|---|---|
| Regular maintenance | Frequency, inspection of project list, maintenance reporting format |
| Degree of failure | A clear definition of emergency tumours (e.g., temperature failure control) and general malfunctions |
| Response time | Responses and time of arrival at different levels of malfunction |
| Access to information | Tel., WhatsApp, e-mail and non-office scheduling |
| spare parts | Permanent spare parts storage arrangements, spare parts supply time |
| Cost | Projects included and not covered, additional fee modalities |
| Records | Maintenance and maintenance of record-keeping and mode of delivery |
Remarks for maintenanceCold Room Maintenance and Routine Refrigeration Inspections; Common malfunctions can be consultedCold Room Repairs。
Project risk list
| Risk | Impact | Methods of prevention |
|---|---|---|
| Insufficient or delayed supply of electricity | Not operational as scheduled | Planning for initial verification of power supply and early application |
| Delays in supply of equipment | Extension of work period | Confirmation of period of supply, early landing |
| Inadequate design of floor | Unfrozen inflation, breakdown of the floor | Designed floor by temperature and payload |
| Insufficient refrigeration | Loss of control at peak temperature | Based on complete heat load, and consideration of support |
| Lack of clarity of responsibilities | No one is responsible for the problem | The contract clearly delineates responsibility or is managed by a single contractor |
| Required omissions | Delays or requirements for repatriation | Early consultation with accredited persons and relevant departments |
| Inadequate delivery | Difficulties in future maintenance | List of documents delivered in the contract |
List of questions to refrigerated warehouse engineering companies
- Have refrigerated warehouses or refrigerated warehouses of the same type and size been hosted? Could a study be arranged?
- How can the refrigerant be calculated? What heat loads are considered?
- What is the Programme of Assistance? How many temperatures can be maintained when a group of refrigeration unit fails?
- Is the floorthermal insulation and anti-frozen practices? How?
- How can fast doors and loading areas reduce cool erosion?
- What type of refrigerant is recommended? Why?
- How many points are temperature monitoring? How can data be kept?
- Who is doing the electric works? Is it necessary to apply for additional electricity?
- How does the period of work be arranged? What equipment is available for long periods of supply?
- What projects are included in testing and acceptance?
- What documents and training were provided at the time of delivery?
- Is the maintenance period and SLA content very much?
Information to be prepared prior to the offer may be consulted.Checklist of information on bids。
Common issues
Should the large refrigerated warehouse be designed and constructed, or should consultants be requested to design a further tender?
(b) The design and construction of clear, direct communication responsibilities that are appropriate to the needy owners; Consultant design and tendering are more transparent and cost-effective, but for the prior period and for consultants. Options can be selected on the basis of project size, complexity and internal management capacity. For further detailsComparison of three modes of engagement。
Would the solicitation documents for refrigerated warehouse engineering include?
It should include temperature and accommodation, storage capacity, access processes, cold room door and handling areas, floor payloads, thermal insulation, refrigeration assistance, electricity, monitoring, acceptance, maintenance and duration. For further detailsList of technical specifications for tendering。
How can the refrigerated warehouse engineering company be evaluated?
In addition to prices, technical programmes, relevant experience, project management, testing delivery, maintenance support and compliance insurance should be evaluated and weights should be set at an important level. For further detailsTable of evaluation of tenders。
Would the refrigerated warehouse maintenance contract be specified?
Frequency and project, breakdown and response times, means of reporting, spare parts arrangements, scope of costs and maintenance records should be specified. For further detailsMaintenance service level agreement。
Would the refrigerated warehouse engineering need very much insurance?
Under the Employees ' Compensation Ordinance, the employer is required to insured against the employee for work injury compensation insurance; Large-scale works also frequently require all engineering risks and third-party liability insurance. Specific requirements should be specified in the contract. For further detailsCompliance, eligibility and insurance。
Summary
The success of large refrigerated warehouse projects depends to a great extent on the choice of hosts and project management. The selection of suitable modes of hosting, technical specifications, objective comparison of bids with evaluation forms and the establishment of test, delivery and maintenance requirements in the contract would significantly reduce the risk of refrigerated warehouse works.
Kam Hing Engineering and Trading Co. Limited is professionally engaged in various types of large-scale cold room, thermal insulation and maintenance works, including large pharmaceutical warehousing, logistics warehouses, Wine cellar and food refrigerated warehouses, providing one-stop services for project design, procurement, installation, periodic inspection and maintenance. More:About us｜Services｜Our clients｜Project gallery。