- The cooking of cold room prices is a net chrome, and the temperature, thermal insulation specifications, refrigeration configuration and site conditions make it far cheaper.
- The refrigeration system has a variety of configurations: one or sub-organic, fixed-frequency or variable frequency, single-air or multi-channel and is cost-effective.
- refrigerant chooses to consider efficiency, GWP, security and local regulations simultaneously.
- The ICP should take into account the total cost of aluminium: engineering fees, electricity, maintenance and repairs, and a net baccalaureate.
- Old cold room must be rebuilt and can be checked before deciding on maintenance, switching machines and reshaping for new construction.
Foreword: refrigeration engineering offers are far away?
After several interviews with refrigeration engineering companies, many guests felt curious: the same size ⁇ cold room could be cut off. The reason is simple, and the specifications are reported to be fundamentally identical. Insulated panels are thick, with ⁇ refrigeration unit, with a bagged floor, packaged electricity and temperature record, each affecting cold room price.
An article will be refrigeration ' s engineering fee-for-collection, consisting of the refrigeration engineer ' s champion from the perspective of the refrigeration system, then comparing with the programme ' s access to help you get up to the most suitable for their own business, cold room works. For information on the impact of the thickness point of the insulated panels ' materials, reference can be madeFinal Guide for the Selection of Productive Costs in Hong Kong。
Cold room price is made up of copper?
| Component | Content | Difficulties affecting money earning |
|---|---|---|
| insulation work | Wallboard, ceiling, floorthermal insulation, sealed receipt | Materials, thickness, surface material, area |
| cold room gate | Gateways, pushers, fast gates and accessories | Gate, size, door box heating, electric shocks and no |
| Refrigeration system | compressor/refrigeration unit, evaporation, inflation, plumbing | Refrigeration, branding, fixed-frequency or variable frequency, single machines or links |
| Electricity and control | Electricity, appliances, temperature control, cyanide control, lighting | Electricity loads, need for additional electricity |
| Water drainage | Cyanide water drainage | freezer room need heating andthermal insulation |
| Temperature monitoring | Temperature records, alerts, remote monitoring | Monitoring points, functions |
| Construction and transportation | Transport, cooking, demolition and old | Floor, lift, dam restrictions |
| Test delivery | Pressure tests, vacuum, refrigerant, temperature test | System size |
| Maintenance | Maintenance period, periodic maintenance | Scope and number of maintenance |
Full description of service page referenceCold room price impact factor。
Critical factor affecting refrigeration engineering fee petty
1. Availability
The greater the cold room, the more used by the insulated panels and the higher demand for refrigeration. However, the price earners would be completely positive in the same area. Severe cold room refrigeration unit, cold room door and electricity co-workers are fixed costs, so the cost of amortized cold room is usually higher.
2. Target temperature
The lower the temperature, the higher the thickness of the insulated panels and the higher the refrigeration unit requirements. The cost of freezer room will be significantly higher than chilled, as floor protections and door box heating with plumbing.
3. Daily intake and cargo temperature
If there is a large volume of goods entering the bank every day, or when the goods are entered into the bank at relatively high temperatures (e.g. chicken food), the amount of refrigeration will be large.
4. Frequency of openings
The greater the number of openings, the more air and wet air brought into chicken heat, and the number of refrigeration load homogenized plutonium increased. Frequent access refrigerated warehouses may need to be considered for rapid gates.
5. refrigeration unit position with length of track
The distance from cold room, the longer the refrigerant pipeline, the higher the cost of co-working and the likely impact of refrigeration efficiency.
6. Electricity supply
If the existing power dam is sufficient, it may be necessary to increase the supply of electricity and part of the cost of the lithium is pre-contained at the same time.
7. Premises with construction conditions
Additional costs will be incurred for building up units, palliatives, hairdressing, baccalaureate work only at specified time and the need to dismantle old cold room.
Difference in cooking temperaturecold room copper costs
The following is comparing the cost of coating with temperaturecold room clouds in relative aluminium. Actual prices are to be priced according to individual circumstances:
| cold room type | General temperature | thermal insulation requirements | Refrigeration requirements | Additional configuration | Relative costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wine cellar/sundry | Approximately +12°C to +16°C | Lower | Lower, but wet control | Wetlands control, low-earth | Wet sight requirements |
| chilled room／cold storage facility | Approximately 0°C to +10°C | Secondary | Secondary | Stop scrubbers are generally sufficient | Lower |
| freezer room／walk-in cold room | Approximately -18°C to -25°C | Higher | Higher | floor defence, door box heating, draining pipe heating, electrification pumps, pressure balance | Higher |
| Emergencies | Approximately - 30°C or below | Supreme | Supreme | Additional refrigeration requirements with non-freezer room | Supreme |
| refrigerated warehouse | By subregion | Temperature by region | Large systems | Rapid gates, subsectors, floor loads, multi-point inspections | Depending on size |
Delivering as one vs
| Comparison | One refrigerator | Type-type refrigerator |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | A compressor, refrigerator, swamper centralize a machine, usually with cold room top or wall body | Concreterefrigeration unit outdoor, evaporation repositories with refrigerant tube links |
| Instance | Simply simpler, clouds long distance from the refrigerant tube | Complexity is required to take over the road, vacuum and refrigerant |
| Heat bulk | Thermal plating body near which the indoor environment is more heat | Heat outdoor, more comfortable room |
| Application | Detailed chilled room,walk-in cold room, temporary use | Most commercialcold room, freezer room, refrigerated warehouse |
| Maintenance | Revolvement of the entire aircraft, easier to replace | Color refrigeration unit or swampers could be maintained separately |
The cafeteria will affect the refrigeration efficiency cobalt environment if it is already well frightened in itself.
Frequency vs VHF
| Comparison | FMrefrigeration unit | Vulfrigeration unit |
|---|---|---|
| Modalities of operation | A compressor operates at a fixed speed and is controlled by switching temperatures | Scaling machines reconciled with payload |
| Initial costs | Lower | Higher |
| Rate stability | fluctuation of temperature between opening | More stable temperature |
| Electricity | Good performance in load stability | Frequent change in payloads or length of partial load, usually higher than provincial electricity |
| Application | Limited budget, load stability | Frequent openings, large load changes and high temperature stability requirements |
Single vs multimedia and online
Large cold room or refrigerated warehouses can be a large turbine or plating multiple machines and connect:
- Single machine: The initial cost is lower than the occupancy space, but once the failure has been made, it will be closed in a cold room.
- Multimodal and onlineOther refrigeration unit can still maintain basic temperatures at the time of a failure. The load may also be limited to some refrigeration unit at a low time. Shortcomings are high in initial costs, and the system is more complex.
If cold room stores high-value goods, such as medicines or a large amount of unfrozen meat, the loss of crash may be much higher than the cost of loaded sets. In the winter, refrigeration was worth considering.
refrigerant?
⁇ refrigerant takes into account four types of plutonium: applying temperature, energy efficiency, global heating potential (GWP) and safety classifications.
| refrigerant | GWP (Ref. IPCC AR4) | Security classification (ASHRAE 34) | Special characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| R404A | Approximately 3,922 | A1 (low, non-flammable) | Traditional commercial refrigeration, GWP high and industry is moving towards alternatives |
| R448A／R449A | 1,390–1,400 | A1 | Common ⁇ R404A Alternative, GWP lower |
| R134a | Approximately 1,430 | A1 | More for medium- and high-temperature cooling |
| R290 (propane) | Approximately 3 | A3 (high flammability) | GWP is extremely low and efficient, but there are strict security requirements for the load with installation |
| R744（CO₂） | 1 | A1 | Natural refrigerant, system pressure very high and need special design |
| R717 ( ⁇ ) | 0 | B2L (toxic, micro-fired) | Large-scale industrial refrigeration, toxic and required strict security management |
(b) New construction, modification, replacement and relocation sites?
| Situation | Direction of recommendation | Matters of concern |
|---|---|---|
| insulated panels were good, refrigeration unit ageing or often bad | Replace refrigeration unit only | Recalculation of refrigeration; Old refrigerant may switch to new refrigerant |
| insulated panels partially damaged, cold room door leak | Local thermal insulation improvement, replacement of cold room door or rubber | Identification of leaking chillers |
| Insulated panels were tips, muddes or frozen floor inflation | Consideration of reconstruction | Structural assessment may be required |
| Removal or expansion of operations | Cold room relocation or expansion | Aluminium ininsulated panels can be retrieved, but assessment of the situation is the size of the new site |
| chilled room converted to non-zer room | Typically thickthermal insulation, replacement of refrigeration unit and floor protection | Original chilled roominsulated panels are not necessarily suitable for lower temperatures |
| Consideration of second-hand equipment | Careful assessment | Information on age, refrigerant type, spare parts supply and maintenance record |
When the old cold room arises, it may be arranged first.Cold Room RepairsInspections, reasons for redefining the programme.
Total cost-comparability comparison programme
The cold room, which normally operates 24 hours and is used for many years, should have a net chicken engineering fee at the time of the comparing programme while taking into account the total cost of clouds:
approximate price estimates?
The following is a purely model example. Assuming an average daily equivalent of 16 hours per electricity price at HK$1.5, cold room (actually based on the use of your appliance bill):
| refrigeration unit average electricity consumption | Electricity consumption per year | Electricity costs per year (demonstration) |
|---|---|---|
| 3 kW | 17,520 degrees | Approximately HK$26,280 |
| 2.5 kW | 14,600 degrees | Approximately HK$21,900 |
| Gap 0.5 kW | 2,920 degrees | Annual difference of approximately HK$4,380 |
The above table can be reached: electricity consumption is low by 0.5 kW, with annual electricity costs of thousands of mosquito nets and 10 years of less than tens of millions of mosquitoes. As a result, thermal insulation is good, refrigerant is well-coupled and regularly maintained, and can be reduced over the long term.
A comparison of the specimen?
Pre-price preparation
- Storage of goods, target temperature, inventory
- cold room approximate size of the building
- On-site photographs or pictures
- Frequency of daily arrivals with openings
- Electricity as projected completion date
A detailed list can be consultedChecklist of information on bids。
Comparative quotation checklist
- Insulated panels, thickness, surface material are clear?
- refrigeration unit brand, model, refrigerant, fixed frequency or variable frequency?
- ⁇ refrigerant?
- Cold room type and accessories (door box heating, safe opening devices, pressure balancing pumps)?
- floorthermal insulation and refrigeration packages?
- Electricity engineering, drainage, temperature monitoring packages?
- Transport, cooking, demolition of old parcels?
- (b) Several patient maintenance periods? Later, regular maintenance point charges?
Reasonable means of earning money
- Size of size: The cost of construction and operation wasted by the General Assembly according to actual inventory
- Temperature chromium: The need for sporadic goods is good to be freezer room
- thermal insulation ⁇: thermal insulation is a long-term impact on the electricity cost base
- Well positioning of planningrefrigeration unit close to cold room, ventilated heat and reduced length of runways
- I. Planning: Cold room, electricity, cold gas concurrent planning, reducing duplication of work
- Regular maintenancerefrigeration unit efficiency to reduce critical mass maintenance
Crude to the price trap
ambiguous specifications
The quotation is only a cold room plutonium, listing the thickness of the panels, the refrigeration unit type and rigerant.
Project leakage
Package power, floor, drainage or temperature record, followed by sums of money.
refrigeration unit breakdown
Scaling machines are used to pressure low prices, resulting in slower temperature and long-term overload operations.
Maintenance arrangements
Upon completion, the maintenance period is also maintained on a regular basis.
Common issues
The probability of cold room prices?
Cold room price is comprised of ininsulation work, cold room gate, refrigeration system, electricity and control, drainage, temperature monitoring, construction transport and testing receipts, influenced by size, temperature, thermal insulation specifications, refrigeration congenital conditions, which are generally open to accurate bids.
A single refrigerator homogeneous refrigerator site?
(a) The installation of a single machine is simpler and suitable for a detailed chilled room withwalk-in cold room, but thermal platoon will be near; The sub-computers will outdoor the cold concreterigeration unit, with a better heat and more flexible mix suitable for most commercialcold room and refrigerated warehouses.
Would the VHF refrigerator be electricityed?
In the event of frequent changes in loads and long periods of load, transfrequency machines are usually higher than provincial electricity and temperature is more stable; However, the initial costs are high and the actual cost is assessed according to the mode of use.
cold room refrigerant point?
The application of temperature, efficiency, GWP, security classifications and local regulations should be considered. Traditional R404A ⁇ GWP is high and industry is switching to alternatives such as R448A, R449A; R290 is very low with natural refrigerant GWP, such as CO2, but security requirements such as flammable and high pressure, respectively.
Old cold room should be repaired and re-engineered?
If the insulated panels are in good condition, only refrigeration unit is ageing and only replacement machines may be considered; If the insulated panels are subject to tide or floor-frozen inflation, they may be rebuilt. Inspections should be carried out and longer-term costs should be compared.
Summary
refrigeration engineering price earns a standard answer. The same size cold room can be distant because of temperature, thermal insulation, refrigerant ' s co-location conditions. The plutonium programme should be preceded by a clear understanding of its own needs, a comparison of the price specifications on a case-by-case basis and an assessment using a general cost perspective, while the chrome is the worst.
Kam Hing Engineering and Trading Co. Limited is professionally engaged in various types of large-scale cold room, thermal insulation and maintenance works, including large pharmaceutical warehousing, logistics warehouses, Wine cellar and food refrigerated warehouses, providing one-stop services for project design, procurement, installation, periodic inspection and maintenance. More:About us｜Services｜Our clients。