- The cold roominsulation work has three main objectives: heat, tide, gas, and trivial.
- Most of the cold room problem is not found in the insulated panels themselves, but rather in details such as plates, hot bridges, floors, cold room door and line wear walls.
- The freezer room and refrigerated warehouses are to pay particular attention to floor-frozen inflation, gate boxes, drainage of water pipes and pressure in the treasury.
- Rain temperature tests shall be performed at the time of receipt and inspection, after a certain period of operation, whether or not the clouds are carried out outside the bank.
- Regular cold room maintenance allows the early detection of thermal insulation and refrigeration systems.
Foreword
Many enterprises plan cold room works with a focus on the brands and horses of the refrigeration unit, while neglecting the details of ininsulation work. In fact, a number of cold rooms are characterized by inadequate flogging, high electricity charges, ultraviolet drinking and refrigeration cells, often rooted in refrigeration unit rather than thermal insulation.
The paper collated the attention of chilled room, freezer room,walk-in cold room, refrigerated warehouse and cold storage facility works during the design, construction, acceptance and use phases, as well as an in-depth analysis of hidden issues common to industry to help you avoid traps before investing in cold room engineering.
Three main objectives of cold roominsulation work
1. Insulation
thermal insulation materials, such as polyurethane (PU) cardboard, with low-guided heat coefficients, reduced the transmission of external heat to cold room.
2. Detection
Prevent the infiltration of water vapour into thermal insulation layers. (a) Thermal insulation performance would be reduced once thermal insulation layer had been waved; In a zero environment, infiltrated water is more likely to refrigerate and damage thethermal insulation layer.
3. Gas cryptography
Cricks, switches, cold room door and wet spaces are properly sealed to avoid infiltration of heat air and humid gases from plutonium.
Hong Kong is wet, with high water vapour levels in hangar air. The cold room has low temperatures and the water vapour is constantly infiltrated (refrigeration, dry) from outside the bank (heating, wet). As a result, cold room ' s tide and vapour treatment should be located on the heating side, i.e. on the outer side of the thermal insulation layer. The metal plates of the chicken heartinsulated panels have their own role in blocking water vapours, so the key is the sealing of plutonium and accumulating.
Deliberations during the design phase
Positions and sites
- As far as possible, cold room is close to heat sources, such as helmets, the outer wall of sunlights or the subsoil thereof
- Outdoor cooling refrigeration unit is required to have sufficient ventilated heat space and to reserve maintenance positions
- Inspection of the building ' s carrying weight, particularly important in the building unit
- Confirmation of drainage location, evaporation need to be discharged
- Confirmation of the requirements for outdoor loading, construction time and transportation by the Chase Management Service
Size and use
- Calculation of size by actual inventory, crane and access, with reasonable space for expansion
- Determination of target temperatures and consideration of the need for separate refrigeration areas and refrigeration zones
- Consideration of daily entry volumes and the temperature of goods upon deposit, which directly affects refrigeration
Electricity and licenses
- Assess the adequacy of existing electricity and whether there is a need to increase the supply of electricity
- If freezer room is used as a designated food for commercial storage, it should be known at an early stagefreezer room licenceRequirements, such as automated temperature recording devices
Detailed design project referenceCold room design and design。
thermal insulation materials and thickness
| Materials | General guidance heat coefficient (reference) | Use of cold room |
|---|---|---|
| Polymer (PU) | Approximately 0.022–0.026 W/m K | Predominant options for cold room chicken; Preconception structure, tide |
| Polymonium nitrate (PIR) | Approximately 0.022–0.025 W/m K | Thermal insulation performance is close to PU, and fire resistance is generally better |
| Digested polystyrene (XPS) | Approximately 0.029–0.035 W/m K | Low inhalation rate, pressure resistant to floorthermal insulation |
| Glass/ Mineral Minors | Approximately 0.032–0.045 W/m K | Fibrous structure, reduced post-humidity performance and generally not recommended for use in cold room pools |
| cold room type | General PU insulated panels thickness |
|---|---|
| chilled room/cold storage facility (0°C above) | Approximately 75mm to 100 mm |
| freezer room/walk-in cold room (approximately -18°C to -25°C) | Approximately 100 mm to 150 mm |
| Eagle Rock (some - 30°C or below) | Approximately 150mm to 200 mm |
Cold roominsulation work for 10 hidden issues
The following issues are not necessarily seen at the time of completion of the cold room, but are expected to fluctuate over a few months or even two years later:
| Question of concealment | Causes | Consequence | Methods of prevention |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Cricket leakage | Insulated panels were under sealed or sealed old | Refrigeration, external wall closures and increased electricity consumption | Use of suitable low-temperature seals to be sealed in corners and receiving locations |
| 2. Heat bridge | Metal components, screws or structures directly cut across thermal insulation layers | Local closures, thermal insulation effects reduced | Avoid direct interconnection of metals, necessary location and heat treatment |
| 3. Customized pipe wear walls | refrigerant tubes, cables, drainage pipes were not sealed after they passed ininsulated panels | refrigeration, drip irrigation by wall | Purchased and sealed by foams, with thermal insulation tracks |
| 4. Rolling of the floor | freezer roomfloorthermal insulation or unfrozen treatment, ice plating under floor | Beginning, fragmentation and even affecting the building structure | freezer room and refrigerated warehouses as the floorthermal insulation and unfrozen measures |
| 5. thermal insulation layer | Determination, unfilled opening and infiltration of water vapour into thermal insulation layer | Thermal insulation performance decreased, with zero environmental potential for ice damage | Keeping the floor complete, and the opening must be sealed |
| 6. Gate boxes | freezer room gatebox lack of frozen heating or heat failure | Poor gateways, rubber refrigeration, refrigeration | freezer room gatebox configuration to prevent frozen heating and testing on a regular basis |
| 7. Embargo ice | freezer room evacuator drainage is located in a zero environment without heating | Cyanide water could not be discharged and evaporation ice | Episcopal plus hotline and thermal insulation, maintenance of slope |
| 8. Burden pressure in the bank | Lower temperaturecold room gate, cooling of air | Cold room door was difficult to open, gates and rubber articles were damaged | Installation of pressure balancing plutonium in low temperaturecold room and prevention of its ice |
| 9. Celestine or transformation | Inadequate wallowing of large trans-latitude plates | Leaking of chrome, affecting security | Drawing system designed on a cross-degree basis |
| 10. Difference of cold refrigeration unit | Indoor jets are placed in closed, near-heat source or sunlight positions | Reduced refrigeration efficiency, increased electricity consumption and compression overheat | Selection of ventilation positions, provision for bulk heat and maintenance space |
Cold room gate
The cold room gate is one of the highest refrigeration, with special care for selection and installation.
| Gate | Application | Matters of concern |
|---|---|---|
| Gateways | Small and medium chilled room, freezer room,walk-in cold room | Pre-door space is to be set aside; Screening of gates and rubber articles is required on a regular basis |
| Brahmen | Limited pre-door space or larger gateways | The road track is cleaning; Selective or electrical |
| Rapid gate | Frequent refrigerated warehouse and refrigerated warehouse | (b) The length of openings may be shortened; Need for cohesiveness and maintenance |
| Wind/ rubber | Reduction in cooling losses at the start of the door | Rubber requires regular cleaning and replacement |
Cold room access check
- Plutonic seals applied in low temperatures, which remain flexible in low temperatures
- freezer room gatebox
- Gates, gates and locks
- Safe opening devices in the treasury to ensure that personnel can open their doors
- Stress balance in low temperaturecold room
Refrigeration system attention
Refrigeration calculations
The size of the refrigeration unit is calculated on the basis of a total heat load, including thermal infiltrated by thermal insulation layers, the temperature and quantity of cargo entering the bank, the number of openings, lighting, personnel and equipment. The amount of refrigeration is too small and the cold room will be moderated and volatile; The refrigeration unit was too often stalled to increase grinding and electricity consumption.
refrigeration unit brand and accessories
Common compressors on the market include international brands such as Copeland, Bitzer and others. In addition to branding, the selection should focus more on whether the model is suitable for target temperatures, the matching of refrigeration volumes and local accessibility to spare parts and maintenance support.
Cyanide system
- 0°C or more chilled room multi-use shutter naturalization
- freezer room and walk-in cold room commonly used electric heat pumps
- Cyclone cycles need to be set on a realistic basis, with too little refrigeration and excessive waste of energy and fluctuation of treasury
Refrigeration rationaleHow Cold Room Refrigeration Works and Its Main Components。
Additional attention to refrigerated warehouse engineering
Refrigerated Warehouse EngineeringIn addition to the above-mentioned points, special attention needs to be paid to:
- Sectoral temperature control: The spacing walls and gates between different temperature zones equally need thermal insulation
- floor loadForklifts, heavy cargo load and unfrozenness
- Discharged area: Reduction of time spent on goods staying in a perimeter environment and reduction of the heat load brought into
- Refrigeration assistance: Multiple groups of refrigeration unit could be considered to operate simultaneously and a set of failures would still maintain basic temperature
- Multi-point temperature monitoring: Large warehouse temperatures are not necessarily cumbersome and require multiple inspections and records
- Detection protection: Einsulated panels and doorboxes along the forklift route should be filled with collision fencing
More can be consultedFull guidance for refrigerated warehouse engineering in Hong Kong。
Checklist for the construction phase
- floor:The floorthermal insulation and refrigeration are designed to complete the surface.
- insulated panels loading:The plates are closely tied to the board, and the verticality and level is correct.
- sealed:All enclaves are sealed in the chicken, rotating, wall and floor.
- Writing the wall:refrigerant tubes, cables, drainage pipes are filled and sealed.
- cold room door:The installation was solid, the rubber affixed and the doors were receptive.
- Refrigeration system:The refrigerant pipe is fitted and equipped with thermal insulation, and the evaporation is well positioned.
- Water:There is a sufficient slope for drainage; freezer room drainage has been heating and thermal insulation.
- Electricity:Electrical receptacle, temperature controllers, cyanide control and security devices are functioning properly.
Complete installation processes can be consultedThe Cold Room Installation Process。
Methodology for receipt and inspection of cold room works
- System test:It was confirmed that pressure testing, vacuum and refrigerant had been carried out.
- Rain temperature tests:The cold room can be reduced to the target temperature and stabilized within a reasonable time.
- Temperature:The temperature of the different locations in the bank is not confirmed by apparent cooling.
- External inspection:After a certain period of operation, the outer walls, flowers, door boxes were not closed or closed.
- Infrared camera inspection:Heat bridges and leak refrigeration can be identified by infrared hot imager.
- Cyanide test:The plating water pumps were released, and the evaporationrs did not residue the ice.
- Documentation:Requirement for insulated panels and refrigeration unit specifications, operational descriptions and maintenance provisions.
Day-to-day attention
- The goods should not prevent the evaporation of the sender, and the cargo and walls should be kept open, allowing the flow of cold winds
- Reduction in the number of openings and opening hours, with a large volume of incoming shipments being handled centrally
- The hot food should be placed in a cold room before the appropriate rainfall is made to avoid an increase in the burden.
- Daily hyperlink and recording of temperature
- Refrain from collisions with insulated panels and cold room door
- Whether or not the evaporation device is unusual, and whether it is closed outside the bank
Cold room maintenance plan
| Period | Recommendation for inspection |
|---|---|
| Daily (users) | Looking at temperature displays, retaining anomaly voice, confirming cold room door gate |
| Monthly (users) | Inspection of gateprints, clean-up of treasury drains, receptacle sprawl and off-camp |
| Quarterly (technical) | Cleaning of chillers and rollers, checking refrigerant pressure, electrical backup, cyanide system, gate box heat |
| Annual (technicians) | Full inspection of compressor operations, temperature control and sensor tests, insulated panels and sealing conditions, security installations |
Hong Kong, with high temperatures in summer and heavy heat burdens on refrigerators, recommended that an inspection be carried out before the summer. For professional maintenance servicescold room maintenance。
Common malfunctions and treatment
| Laps | Possible reasons | Users can take the lead |
|---|---|---|
| Higher temperature, not unfrozen | refrigerant leakage, chiller accumulator ice, cold room door leak | Reduction of openings, checking the good gates, recording temperature and liaising with technical staff |
| Severe refrigeration of rollers | Depression, wind failure, drainage ice | Photo recordings, liaison technicians, lifting of refrigerators |
| refrigeration unit could not start | Power source problems, protective device decoupling, controller malfunction | (c) Examine whether or not the general lithium of the power source; If once again, technicians should be contacted without repeating the customs clearance. |
| Abnormal noise or shock | Unbalanced winds, loose parts and compressed mills | Recording of voices and arrange for inspections as soon as possible |
| ultraviolet water, pumping | Leaking, hot bridges, thermal insulation layer | Marking location and photography, arrangements to check thethermal insulation |
Cold room security concerns
- Prevention of being trapped:The cold room should be equipped with security devices that can open the doors in the bank and tested regularly.
- Low temperature work:Access to freezer room should wear suitable heating clothing and avoid long stays.
- Lighting:The lighting in the treasury should be sufficient and the lamps suitable for low temperature and wet environment.
- Ground defences:Storage or accumulating water will cause a wet decline on the ground and should be cleaned.
- refrigerant leak:If refrigerant leaks are suspected, the ventilation should be maintained and technical personnel should be contacted as soon as possible.
- Electrical safety:In-house electrical equipment should be protected against tide.
Relevant Hong Kong Regulations
freezer room licence
In Hong Kong, designated food is stored for commercial use in a non-freezer room and is generally subject to the application of a freezer room licence from the Food and Environment Agency. The standard licensing conditions include the need for a freezer room equipped with fixtures capable of accurately recording temperature in the house.
Electricity engineering
Under the Electricity Regulations, electrical work for fixed-power installations is generally performed by a registered electric engineering staff employed by Registered Electrical Contractor.
Building changes
Where the works involve changes such as building structures, channels or external walls, they are subject to the Building Regulations and related systems of Buildings Department (e.g. small engineering supervision system).
Common issues
Is it very reason why the cold room outer wall is closed or drip irrigation?
The common reason is that the ingesulated panels are cloaked with poor seals, hot bridges, or thermal insulation waves have led to a decline in sulation performance, resulting in lower temperatures than air exposure points outside cold room. Coverage and thermal insulation positions should be checked and repaired.
Would the freezer room floor begin?
If the floorthermal insulation or unfrozen treatment is inadequate, the water sub-floor may be refrigerated, causing the floor to start or break down, known as flash. The new unfreezer room and refrigerated warehouse should be built on the floorthermal insulation and protection measures, as appropriate.
Is it difficult to open and normal after the freezer room gate?
After the low temperaturecold room gate, the shrinking of air in the treasury could create pressure and make it more difficult to open. Low temperaturecold room will typically install pressure balancing plutonium; If the gate is often difficult to open, it should be checked whether the pressure balance plutonium is refrigerated or ineffective.
How long do cold room need to be maintained?
The use of high-frequency commercialcold room is generally recommended for regular maintenance on a quarterly basis and for inspection prior to the summer height. The temperature shall also be visited daily.
How can cold roominsulation work be accepted?
The inspection board seals, wear walls, cold room door rubber and gatebox heating, conducting a rainfall test, checking out of the bank for some time and identifying hot bridges and leak refrigeration sites using infrared hot imagery.
Summary
The success or failure of cold roominsulation work often depends on details: block sealing, hot bridge processing, floor defence, cold room door accessories, drainage heating and stress balance. These issues are not necessarily detected at the early stages of completion, but are expected to rise in electricity costs, temperatures and even damage thermal insulation levels later. Day-to-day maintenance is received from design, construction and testing, and the cold room will be ready every step for long-term stability.
Kam Hing Engineering and Trading Co. Limited is professionally engaged in various types of large-scale cold room, thermal insulation and maintenance works, including large pharmaceutical warehousing, logistics warehouses, Wine cellar and food refrigerated warehouses, providing one-stop services for project design, procurement, installation, periodic inspection and maintenance. More:About us｜Services｜Project gallery。